Chapter: HIV Pharmacotherapy

1. Evaluate the current scientific understanding of HIV pathophysiology to set a foundation for applying pharmacotherapy recommendations.
2. Assess available antiretrovirals (ARVs) and distinguish which ARVs are appropriate for specific patient populations.
3. Design an effective HIV treatment regimen with monitoring recommendations according to the current National Institutes of Health/Department of Health & Human Services (NIH/HHS) and International Antiviral Society-USA (IAS-USA) treatment guidelines.
4. Analyze new HIV treatment modalities, including pharmacokinetics, identification of patients who qualify for new modalities, implementation challenges, and steps to prevent treatment failure.
5. Apply best practice principles to reduce medication errors, ensure continuity of care, and improve outcomes for patients living with HIV. 

Chapter: HIV Management in Select Populations

1. Identify patients at highest risk of HIV infection and the impact of age, race, and gender on the HIV care continuum.
2. Design a comprehensive plan for antiretroviral therapy (ART) and sexually transmitted infection testing recommendations for a transgender person with HIV.
3. Assess the impact of age on the incidence of HIV and concomitant comorbidities.
4. Determine the recommended ART regimens for patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease according to the Department of Health & Human Services guidelines. 

Chapter: Innate and Acquired Immunodeficiencies

1. Evaluate how interactions between different cell types contribute to the immune response.
2. Identify clinical scenarios that can alert to a potential underlying immune deficiency.
3. Classify patients’ risk for infection based on their unique immunological profiles.
4. Design an appropriate infection prevention regimen for a patient with an immunodeficiency disorder. 

Chapter: Infection Risk with Biologic Response Modifiers

1. Apply knowledge of how biologic response modifiers (BRMs) modulate immune function to control disease activity.
2. Distinguish the most common bacterial, viral, and fungal infections based upon the particular BRM therapy.
3. Evaluate the infectious risks of BRM therapies incorporating patient’s disease state, concurrent medications, and comorbidities.
4. Develop monitoring plans to minimize risks of infection in high-risk populations.  

Chapter: Vaccinations in Patients at High Risk for Infections

1. Apply knowledge of how biologic response modifiers (BRMs) modulate immune function to control disease activity.
2. Distinguish the most common bacterial, viral, and fungal infections based on the particular BRM therapy.
3. Evaluate the infectious risks of BRM therapies incorporating patient’s disease state, concurrent medications, and comorbidities.
4. Develop monitoring plans to minimize risks of infection in high-risk populations. 

Chapter: Antibiotic Management in Patients with Cystic Fibrosis

1. Identify common pathogens in cystic fibrosis (CF) airway infections.
2. Design an appropriate antimicrobial treatment regimen for a CF exacerbation.
3. Apply the principles of CF antibiotic dosing to the treatment of a CF exacerbation.
4. Evaluate an antimicrobial eradication regimen for a patient with CF. 

Case Series: Prevention of HIV Infection

1. Identify patient populations who may benefit from use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) considering both clinical and socioeconomic factors.
2. Design a patient-specific PrEP plan.
3. Distinguish HIV post-exposure prophylaxis from PrEP. 

Case Series: Secondary Lung Infections After Viral Pneumonitis

1. Develop an appropriate empiric pharmacotherapy regimen for an influenza-associated bacterial co-infection in an immunocompromised patient.
2. Design an optimal treatment plan for a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) co-infection accounting for likely pathogens and antimicrobial resistance in an immunocompromised patient.
3. Classify an immunocompromised patient as having a “proven,” “probable,” or “possible” invasive fungal disease following a COVID-19 infection.
4. Develop therapeutic recommendations for empiric treatment of bacterial/viral co-infections balancing antibiotic use with the impact on antibiotic resistance 

Case Series: Infections in Patients Taking Glucocorticoids

1. Evaluate the effect of glucocorticoids on the immune system and the risk of subsequent infection.
2. Manage appropriate infection prophylaxis for patients taking glucocorticoids.
3. Evaluate infection risk associated with locally administered glucocorticoids. 

Case Series: Infections in Pregnancy

1. Distinguish among the proposed mechanisms of immunomodulation that occur in pregnant patients and assess for subsequent implications for pharmacotherapy.
2. Design antimicrobial pharmacotherapy for pregnancy-specific acute or subclinical infections with appropriate consideration for fetal and neonatal outcomes.
3. Evaluate pregnant patients for maternal infections that may pose significant risk of congenital complications in the neonate and develop appropriate pharmacotherapy.