1. Distinguish between the different types of analgesia and sedation in a pediatric patient.
2. Apply the appropriate analgesia and sedation scale based on patient characteristics.
3. Evaluate the latest analgesia and sedation guidelines and their applicability to the pediatric patient population.
4. Demonstrate understanding of medications used for analgesia and sedation and their effects on neurodevelopment.
5. Assess the challenges associated with managing analgesia and sedation in the pediatric patient.

1. Assess current consensus criteria for identifying pediatric sepsis and septic shock.
2. Evaluate available screening tools used to promote early recognition of pediatric sepsis.
3. Analyze the role of balanced crystalloid fluids in pediatric patients with septic shock or sepsis-associated organ dysfunction.
4. Devise empiric antimicrobial therapy regimens for pediatric patients with suspected sepsis and septic shock.
5. Evaluate vasoactive and inotrope medications, as well as adjunct and advanced therapies for managing fluid-refractory and catecholamine-resistant shock in pediatric patients.
6. Justify the implementation of sepsis bundles at the institutional and caregiver level to improve patient outcomes.

1. Distinguish the pathophysiology, diagnosis, evaluation, and classification of pediatric pulmonary hypertension.
2. Analyze current guideline recommendations for pulmonary hypertension management.
3. Evaluate treatment targeting several pathways of pulmonary hypertension and its place in therapy.
4. Classify upcoming novel medication therapy options with specific mechanisms of action.

1. Distinguish between the causes of and the differential diagnoses of hyponatremia in pediatric patients.
2. Devise a plan for sodium replacement therapy in pediatric patients with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion.
3. Evaluate the role and place in therapy of conivaptan and tolvaptan in pediatric patients.
4. Design a plan for managing serum sodium correction with current therapies in pediatric patients.

1. Apply an understanding of clinical guideline updates to the pediatric and neonatal populations.
2. Assess the differences between injectable lipid emulsion (ILE) products, and recommend appropriate interventions for the prevention or treatment of essential fatty acid deficiency (EFAD) and intestinal failure–associated liver disease (IFALD).
3. Demonstrate knowledge of hypertriglyceridemia management in parenteral nutrition (PN) and place in therapy for carnitine supplementation.
4. Distinguish which trace metal product is appropriate given specific patient parameters.
5. Apply knowledge of factors affecting the solubility of calcium and phosphorus in PN to prevent or reduce risk of precipitation.

1. Justify the role and place for standard of care anticoagulants and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs).
2. Distinguish differences among DOACs that affect safety and efficacy.
3. Devise a management plan for anticoagulant therapy in pediatric patients around procedures and bleeding.
4. Detect circumstances in which DOAC use is not favorable in pediatric patients.

1. Assess a pediatric patient for appropriateness of an enteral feeding tube.
2. Classify the appropriateness of a medication for enteral tube administration based on the medication’s properties, the type of enteral tube, and the location of the feeding tube’s distal end.
3. Compose a plan for appropriate administration of medications through an enteral feeding tube, including dose preparation and flushing procedures.
4. Develop strategies to reduce the risk of clogging enteral tubes while administering medications.

1. Evaluate the symptoms of cannabis exposure in a young child versus an adolescent.
2. Distinguish between cannabis toxicity and synthetic cannabinoid toxicity.
3. Assess the role of naloxone in the management of sedative toxicity.
4. Apply diagnostic criteria for serotonin toxicity to a patient case.
5. Devise an acute treatment plan for a pediatric patient presenting with 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine toxicity.

1. Distinguish the differences in indications among various forms of kidney replacement therapy (KRT) in pediatric patients.
2. Assess the effects of KRT on medication dosing in pediatric patients.
3. Estimate the level of residual kidney function in a pediatric patient receiving KRT.
4. Devise a medication dosing plan for a pediatric patient receiving KRT.